Civil structures Ghunsa microhydro project (GMP).

The microhydro plant consists essentially of the all the components that a bigger hydropower plant will consist of. This article will try to give real impression of what micro hydro plant will look like in the field after construction.Ghunsa microhydro project has been used in this article. This project is located at an elevation of 3500m above sea level at Taplejung district of Nepal. The plant generates 35Kw.

Intake, gravel trap and settling basin.

Intake consists of a chamber to collect water. A gravel trap is generally provided to exclude coarse sediment to enter the water way. If water has sediments that need to be addressed, then a settling basin is also provided. The inake of GMP is at the right bank of Yamatari river. The water gets frozen in winter season. Settling basin has not been provided in this project as the water qualtiy is good.

Intake stucture	River protection for intake
Intake gate	Gravel trap flushing
Trashrack at intake	Gravel trap after the intake

Waterways

The waterways consists of canal joining intake and forebay. Depending upon the topography, the canal is in filling or cutting as shown in the figures.

Canal in cutting	Canal in filling. (Notice seepage!)
Canal in cutting

Forebay

Forebay is a water tank to hold water for specific time. The water from forebay is then tranmitted to powerhouse using penstock pipes. The forebay consists of a spillway to divert excess water. This maintains constant head (elevation of water) for the trubines in the powerhouse.

The forebay with spillway in the left. It also consist of pipe spillway at the center.

Penstock pipes

Penstock pipes transmitts the flow from forebay to powerhouse. Saddle support and anchor blocks are provided to hold the penstock in the fixed alignment.

Penstock alignment

Anchor block in penstock alignment

Powerhouse and tailrace

The flow from penstock strikes the turbine and generator produces electricity. The flow is then discharged back to original river. The powehouse of GMP is near the southern end of Ghunsa village.

Powerhouse	Penstock inlet at powerhouse
The penstock inside the powerhouse	Turbine
Powerhouse with tailrace outlet

Breaking Excel passoword

The password protection of MS-Excel are not intended for security of data but for security of input and output of worksheet.

You can crack the password of the protected worksheet by using following VBA procedure.




Sub PasswordBreaker()


'Author unknown


'Breaks worksheet password protection.


Dim i As Integer, j As Integer, k As Integer


Dim l As Integer, m As Integer, n As Integer


Dim i1 As Integer, i2 As Integer, i3 As Integer


Dim i4 As Integer, i5 As Integer, i6 As Integer


On Error Resume Next


For i = 65 To 66: For j = 65 To 66: For k = 65 To 66


For l = 65 To 66: For m = 65 To 66: For i1 = 65 To 66


For i2 = 65 To 66: For i3 = 65 To 66: For i4 = 65 To 66


For i5 = 65 To 66: For i6 = 65 To 66: For n = 32 To 126


ActiveSheet.Unprotect Chr(i) & Chr(j) & Chr(k) & _


Chr(l) & Chr(m) & Chr(i1) & Chr(i2) & Chr(i3) & _


Chr(i4) & Chr(i5) & Chr(i6) & Chr(n)


If ActiveSheet.ProtectContents = False Then


MsgBox "One usable password is " & Chr(i) & Chr(j) & _


Chr(k) & Chr(l) & Chr(m) & Chr(i1) & Chr(i2) & _


Chr(i3) & Chr(i4) & Chr(i5) & Chr(i6) & Chr(n)


Exit Sub


End If


Next: Next: Next: Next: Next: Next


Next: Next: Next: Next: Next: Next


End Sub

This piece of code was found here

Most efficient trapezoidal section of canal

The most efficient trapezoidal section of canal can be calculated as follows

Let,


Base width of the canal=B


Side slope=m (1V:mH)


Flow depth = h


Wetted perimeter= P

The cross sectional area, A=By+my^2


ie B= (A-m*h^2)/h


ie B=A/h-m*h


Wetted perimeter P= B+2*h *sqrt(m^2+1)


For most efficient channel, dP/dh=0


ie -A-m*y^2+2 y^2 sqrt(m^2+1)=0


ie B= y(2*sqrt(m2+1)-1-m)


Therfoer B/y=2*sqrt(m2+1)-1-m is the required relationship

Biorhytm worksheet

We all feel high and low with time.Sometimes we are fastest, strongest and healthy. And at other time we are in opposite mood. This is biorhythm. I am not follower of Bio-rhythm league. But due to obvious intrest in new things I gave a try for it. The equations used to calculate is given in Wikipedia.

Physical:	sin(2πt / 23),
Emotional:	sin(2πt / 28),
Intellectual:	sin(2πt / 33),
Intuitive:	sin(2πt / 38),

where t indicates the number of days since birth.

These set of equations were not useful to me because it didn't predicted my rhythm. Probably anyone interested in these study will find my Excel sheet useful. The sheet can calculate your rhythm on particular day or compare the rhythm of two persons. Hope it will work for someone ;)

Top 10 of 2010 by the Time magazine

Time magazine classified top 10 of all the common aspect of human news of 2010. Below i have listed some of the fields that i have intrest in....

http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,2035319,00.html

Top 10 Nonfiction Books • Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand • The Emperor of All Maladies by Siddhartha Mukherjee • Let's Take the Long Way Home by Gail Caldwell • The Last Boy: Mickey Mantle and the End of America's Childhood by Jane Leavy • Brilliant by Jane Brox • War by Sebastian Junger • Life by Keith Richards • Hellhound on His Trail by Hampton Sides • Cleopatra by Stacy Schiff • You Are Not a Gadget: A Manifesto by Jaron Lanier	Top 10 Fiction Books • Freedom by Jonathan Franzen • A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan • Skippy Dies by Paul Murray • The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet by David Mitchell • Lord of Misrule by Jaimy Gordon • Wilson by Daniel Clowes • Matterhorn by Karl Marlantes • How to Live Safely in a Science Fictional Universe by Charles Yu • The Passage by Justin Cronin • Faithful Place by Tana French
Top 10 Movies • Toy Story 3 • Inside Job • Never Let Me Go • Life During Wartime • The Social Network • Rabbit Hole • Wild Grass • Green Zone • Waiting for 'Superman' • Four Lions	Top 10 Video Games • Alan Wake • Angry Birds • Red Dead Redemption • Halo: Reach • Super Mario Galaxy 2 • Limbo • Super Meat Boy • Super Street Fighter IV • Starcraft II • Mass Effect 2
Top 10 Songs • Cee Lo Green, "F___ You" • Janelle Monáe, "Tightrope" • Kanye West, "Power" • Arcade Fire, "Sprawl II (Mountains Beyond Mountains)" • Eminem featuring Rihanna, "Love the Way You Lie" • Yeasayer, "Ambling Alp" • Jónsi, "Animal Arithmetic" • Drake, "Find Your Love" • Elizabeth Cook, "All the Time" • Sleigh Bells, "Rill Rill"	Top 10 Albums • Kanye West, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy • Arcade Fire, The Suburbs • LCD Soundsystem, This Is Happening • The National, High Violet • Drake, Thank Me Later • Sufjan Stevens, Age of Adz • The Black Keys, Brothers • Yeasayer, Odd Blood • Big Boi, Sir Lucious Left Foot: The Son of Chico Dusty • Beach House, Teen Dream

http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/completelist/0,29569,2035319,00.html

Monte Carlos Simulation to find value of PI

Inception:






I was going through a book named "Fooled by Randomness" by Nassim Nicholas Taleb. On one of the chapter, the writer claimed that according to Monte Carlo theory, if some bullets are fired inside the square, and a circle is drawn inside this square, the ratio of bullets inside the circle to the total number of bullets is equal to some ratio of PI. Now the question arouse in my mind what is the value of this ratio. Hence i prepared an excel sheet to know this value.

Methodology:






I tried with about 17150 bullets (the points), the point are generated randomly within the boundary of the square. A circle was drawn inside this square. Then to check if the points lie inside the circle distance formula was used. Finally the total number of bullets inside the circle and total number of bullets were counted and the ratio was calculated.

Simulation:




Try changing the size of square and radius of circle and check how the ratio changes. I found that when the circle is inscribed inside the ratio comes out to be about PI/4.

Download:






monte carlo pi sumulation.xlsx

Limca ad lyrics and chords

These days can't find the difference between advertisement jingles and pop songs. This ad of limca has a beautiful lyrics.

D       D 
suhare.. bauchare.. 
A               G 
najare churalo na.. 
A                G 
kuch boode churalo na..
 
A 
thaki si jindage se 
Em 
ruki si jindage se 
A                  D 
kuch lamhe churalo na...
 
D 
kuch yade.. aur sapne 
D               Em 
appne churalo na... 
 A 
ruuke se jindagi se 
Em 
thaki se jindagi se 
A               D 
raftare churola na..
 
looka chupi khelte he.. 
bhid me hajjaro kaliya..(hajjaro kaliya) 
galiyo me yu bhed banke chupke gaye he sari khusiya.(sari khusiya)
 
khusiya ko bulalo na.. 
muskane churalo na..
 
sulabti pyas hae to.. 
machalti pyas hae to.. 
ek limca churalo na...
 
kuch yaade aur sappne 
appne churalo na..

The Elusive Theory of Everything

Download pdf file: elusive theory of everything.pdf

By Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow September 27, 2010 55

A few years ago the city council of Monza, Italy, barred pet owners from keeping goldfish in curved fishbowls. The sponsors of the measure explained that it is cruel to keep a fish in a bowl because the curved sides give the fish a distorted view of reality. Aside from the measure's significance to the poor goldfish, the story raises an interesting philosophical question: How do we know that the reality we perceive is true? The goldfish is seeing a version of reality that is different from ours, but can we be sure it is any less real? For all we know, we, too, may spend our entire lives staring out at the world through a distorting lens.

From: http://gyrovague.wordpress.com/

Coustary: www.Scientificamerica.com

Movie dialogues :)

Some of the catchy dialogues and comments that i collected from the movies , a strang hobby ;):

Movie	Dialogues/Comments
2012	..when they say not to panic, its time to run ...puff of smoke in milky way. ..it's russian
Brothers	beaten but never broken..
(a chinese movie)	rose is red, violet is blue.. sugar is sweet, so are you
City of god	in the city of god if you run away they get you and if you stay they get you too hood don't stop, hood just take a break honesty doesn't pay sucker! nothing i can say.nothing i can do i feel so bad, i feel so blue
conversation with other women	the illusion of effortlessness requires a great effor indeed..
Creation	nature selects for survival, men for apperance. you have killed god (by huxley).
Goemon	shadow doesn't need its self. never show yourself and hide from this world don't get involved while glorifying your freedoom.
Home	change can be beautiful but it never is..
Paper heart	you are my shooting star if you short me in my heart then i will fall apart
Up in the air	slower we move faster we die.. ...avoid commitement
We were soilders	dont feel sad when the time is so bad..

Elementary analysis for width/height ratio of retaining masonary structure

As we know that masonry structure cannot resist tension, hence all the lateral force should be resisted by its weight component only. In this article we will derive expression for width/height ratio for a simple rectangular masonry structure.

Let,

γ=density of water

S_m=specific gravity of masonry material

S_L=specific gravity of material giving lateral force (e.g. water, soil etc)

h=height of the structure

x=width of the structure

W=weight of structure=h*x*s* γ

μ= coefficient of friction

Case1: For overturning

Moment dut to lateral force=moment due to weight of the material

½* γ*s_L*h²*h/3 =W*x/2

Or, ½* γ*h²*h/3*s_L = γ *s_m*h*x*x/2

Or, (x/h)²=(s_L/(3*s_m))

Or, x/h=sqrt(s_L/s_m/3)

For water s_L=1;for stone masonry s_m=22/9.81=2.14

Therefore, x/h=0.394≈0.4

Case2: For Sliding

Horizontal force=friction factor*weight of the structure

½* γ*s_L*h²= μ (γ*s_m*h*x)

Or, x/h=s_L/(2*s_m* μ)

For water and stone masonry and using μ=0.65

x/h=0.359≈0.4

Thus from above derivation we see that the minimum base width/height ratio of the rectangular block to resist the lateral (triangular here) force with safety factor 1 is 0.4.

With safety factor of 1.5 the minimum width/height ratio becomes 1.5*0.4=0.6.

Derivation of Combined Angle

Abstract: Derivation of combined angle may become useful when you want to know the magnitude and direction of force due to bend in both XY and XZ plane. For eg in design of bend in pipeline.

Let us consider a straight line which deflects at O along OA as shown in the figure. The deflection angles are also shown in the figure.

Let R be the position vector of A. OB is projection of OA on XY plane and AB is projection of OA on a plane parallel to YZ plane. Similarly, OC is projection of line OB in X axis and BC is projection of OB on axis parallel to Y axis.

From figure it can inferred that

OB=R cosα

AB=R sinα

OC=OB cosβ = R cosα cosβ

BC= OB sinβ =R cosα sinβ

Therefore, the position vector of A is OA which is given by

R=|R| (cosα cosβ i + cosα sinβ j + sinα k )

And the unit vector along R is given by

r= (cosα cosβ i + cosα sinβ j + sinα k )

Now the combined deflection angle is given by

r . i =|r| |i| cosδ

Or, r . i =1*1 cosδ

Or, cosδ = cosα cosβ+0+0

Or, δ =cos^-1(cosα cosβ)

The angle δ lies in the plane OAC. This plane is shown in the figure in hatch line.

Forces

If F be the magnitude of force due to the deflection δ (e.g. deflection in pipeline) then the vertical and horizontal component of this force is given by,

F_x1 =F r . i =F cosα cosβ

F_x2 =F r . j =F cosα sinβ

F_x =F

=F cosα

F_y =F r . j

=F sinα